17. 세가지 믿음 - श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोग 바가바드 기타 Bhagavad-gītā

1. BHAGAVAD-GITA - CHAPTER 17 - SANSKRIT BY ANURADHA PAUDWAL.mp3

Bg 17.1

अर्जुन बोले (Arjun Said):

ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः।

तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः॥१७- १॥

arjuna uvāca

ye śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya

yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ

teṣāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa

sattvam āho rajas tamaḥ

아르주나가 말했다.

어떤 사람들은 경전에 규정된 절차를 알지는 못하지만 믿음을 가지고 숭배합니다. 그들의 믿음은 어떤 것입니까? 오, 크리슈나시여! 그들이 신과 같은 존재들에게 바치는 숭배는 사트바에 기초한 것입니까? 아니면 라자스, 타마스에 기초한 것입니까?

Word for word: 

arjunaḥ uvāca — Arjuna said; ye — those who; śāstra-vidhim — the regulations of scripture; utsṛjya — giving up; yajante — worship; śraddhayā — full faith; anvitāḥ — possessed of; teṣām — of them; niṣṭhā — the faith; tu — but; kā — what; kṛṣṇa — O Kṛṣṇa; sattvam — in goodness; āho — or else; rajaḥ — in passion; tamaḥ — in ignorance.

Translation: 

Arjuna inquired: O Kṛṣṇa, what is the situation of those who do not follow the principles of scripture but worship according to their own imagination? Are they in goodness, in passion or in ignorance?

Bg 17.2

श्री भगवान बोले (THE LORD SAID):

त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा।

सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु॥१७- २॥

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

tri-vidhā bhavati śraddhā

dehināṁ sā svabhāva-jā

sāttvikī rājasī caiva

tāmasī ceti tāṁ śṛṇu

슈리 바가반이 말했다.

모든 사람의 믿음에는 세 가지가 있다. 사트바적인 믿음, 라자스적인 믿음, 타마스적인 믿음이 그것이다. 그것에 관해 들어 보라.

Word for word: 

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; tri-vidhā — of three kinds; bhavati — becomes; śraddhā — the faith; dehinām — of the embodied; sā — that; sva-bhāva-jā — according to his mode of material nature; sāttvikī — in the mode of goodness; rājasī — in the mode of passion; ca — also; eva — certainly; tāmasī — in the mode of ignorance; ca — and; iti — thus; tām — that; śṛṇu — hear from Me.

Translation: 

The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: According to the modes of nature acquired by the embodied soul, one's faith can be of three kinds—in goodness, in passion or in ignorance. Now hear about this.

Bg 17.3

सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत।

श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः॥१७- ३॥

sattvānurūpā sarvasya

śraddhā bhavati bhārata

śraddhā-mayo 'yaṁ puruṣo

yo yac-chraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ

오 바라타(아르주나)여! 각자의 믿음은 그 사람의 성품에 일치한다. 사람은 그의 믿음으로 이루어져 있다. 자신의 믿음이 바로 그 사람이다.

Word for word: 

sattva-anurūpā — according to the existence; sarvasya — of everyone; śraddhā — faith; bhavati — becomes; bhārata — O son of Bharata; śraddhā — faith; mayaḥ — full of; ayam — this; puruṣaḥ — living entity; yaḥ — who; yat — having which; śraddhaḥ — faith; saḥ — thus; eva — certainly; saḥ — he.

Translation: 

O son of Bharata, according to one's existence under the various modes of nature, one evolves a particular kind of faith. The living being is said to be of a particular faith according to the modes he has acquired.

Bg 17.4

यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः।

प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः॥१७- ४॥

yajante sāttvikā devān

yakṣa-rakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ

pretān bhūta-gaṇāṁś cānye

yajante tāmasā janāḥ

사트바적인 사람은 (천상의 영역에 살고 있는) 신들을 숭배하고, 라자스적인 사람은 부와 힘을 탐하여 (에테르의 영역에 살고 있는) 반신반인(약샤, 부와 힘을 지키는 영)들과 악마(락샤사)들을 숭배하고, 타마스적인 사람은 유령(프레타)들과 악귀(부타들의 무리)들을 숭배한다.

Word for word: 

yajante — worship; sāttvikāḥ — those who are in the mode of goodness; devān — demigods; yakṣa-rakṣāṁsi — demons; rājasāḥ — those who are in the mode of passion; pretān — spirits of the dead; bhūta-gaṇān — ghosts; ca — and; anye — others; yajante — worship; tāmasāḥ — in the mode of ignorance; janāḥ — people.

Translation: 

Men in the mode of goodness worship the demigods; those in the mode of passion worship the demons; and those in the mode of ignorance worship ghosts and spirits.

Bg 17.5-6

अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः।

दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः॥१७- ५॥

कर्षयन्तः शरीरस्थं भूतग्राममचेतसः।

मां चैवान्तःशरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान्॥१७- ६॥

aśāstra-vihitaṁ ghoraṁ

tapyante ye tapo janāḥ

dambhāhaṅkāra-saṁyuktāḥ

kāma-rāga-balānvitāḥ

karṣayantaḥ śarīra-sthaṁ

bhūta-grāmam acetasaḥ

māṁ caivāntaḥ śarīra-sthaṁ

tān viddhy āsura-niścayān

경전들의 규범을 따르지 않고 끔찍한 고행을 자만과 자아의식으로 행하는 사람들, 탐욕과 열정의 힘에 휩쓸리는 사람들은

자기네 몸을 구성하고 있는 원소들과 그 안에 있는 나까지 괴롭히고 있다. 이런 사람들은 악마적인 결심을 한 사람들임을 알아라.

Word for word: 

aśāstra — not in the scriptures; vihitam — directed; ghoram — harmful to others; tapyante — undergo; ye — those who; tapaḥ — austerities; janāḥ — persons; dambha — with pride; ahaṅkāra — and egoism; saṁyuktāḥ — engaged; kāma — of lust; rāga — and attachment; bala — by the force; anvitāḥ — impelled; karṣayantaḥ — tormenting; śarīra-stham — situated within the body; bhūta-grāmam — the combination of material elements; acetasaḥ — having a misled mentality; mām — Me; ca — also; eva — certainly; antaḥ — within; śarīra-stham — situated in the body; tān — them; viddhi — understand; āsura-nicayān — demons.

Translation: 

Those who undergo severe austerities and penances not recommended in the scriptures, performing them out of pride and egoism, who are impelled by lust and attachment, who are foolish and who torture the material elements of the body as well as the Supersoul dwelling within, are to be known as demons.

Bg 17.7

आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः।

यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु॥१७- ७॥

āhāras tv api sarvasya

tri-vidho bhavati priyaḥ

yajñas tapas tathā dānaṁ

teṣāṁ bhedam imaṁ śṛṇu

모두에게 소중한 음식에도 세 가지 종류가 있으며, 숭배, 금욕, 자선도 마찬가지다. 그것들이 어떻게 다른지 들어보라.

Word for word: 

āhāraḥ — eating; tu — certainly; api — also; sarvasya — of everyone; tri-vidhaḥ — of three kinds; bhavati — there is; priyaḥ — dear; yajñaḥ — sacrifice; tapaḥ — austerity; tathā — also; dānam — charity; teṣām — of them; bhedam — the differences; imam — this; śṛṇu — hear.

Translation: 

Even the food each person prefers is of three kinds, according to the three modes of material nature. The same is true of sacrifices, austerities and charity. Now hear of the distinctions between them.

Bg 17.8

आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः।

रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः॥१७- ८॥

āyuḥ-sattva-balārogya-

sukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ

rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā

āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ

사트바적인 사람들은 생명력과 활력과 힘과 건강을 보태 주고, 즐거움과 만족감을 주고, 맛좋고 기름지고 신선하고 영양이 풍부하며 기분 좋게 하는 음식을 좋아한다.

Word for word: 

āyuḥ — duration of life; sattva — existence; bala — strength; ārogya — health; sukha — happiness; prīti — and satisfaction; vivardhanāḥ — increasing; rasyāḥ — juicy; snigdhāḥ — fatty; sthirāḥ — enduring; hṛdyāḥ — pleasing to the heart; āhārāḥ — food; sāttvika — to one in goodness; priyāḥ — palatable.

Translation: 

Foods dear to those in the mode of goodness increase the duration of life, purify one's existence and give strength, health, happiness and satisfaction. Such foods are juicy, fatty, wholesome, and pleasing to the heart.

Bg 17.9

कट्‌वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः।

आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः॥१७- ९॥

kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣṇa-

tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ

āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā

duḥkha-śokāmaya-pradāḥ

라자스적인 사람은 몹시 쓰고 시고 짜고 맵고 자극적이고 건조하고 뜨거운 음식을 좋아한다. 그러한 음식물은 고통과 괴로움과 질병을 일으킨다.

Word for word: 

kaṭu — bitter; amla — sour; lavaṇa — salty; ati-uṣṇa — very hot; tīkṣṇa — pungent; rūkṣa — dry; vidāhinaḥ — burning; āhārāḥ — food; rājasasya — to one in the mode of passion; iṣṭāḥ — palatable; duḥkha — distress; śoka — misery; āmaya — disease; pradāḥ — causing.

Translation: 

Foods that are too bitter, too sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry and burning are dear to those in the mode of passion. Such foods cause distress, misery and disease.

Bg 17.10

यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत्।

उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम्॥१७- १०॥

yāta-yāmaṁ gata-rasaṁ

pūti paryuṣitaṁ ca yat

ucchiṣṭam api cāmedhyaṁ

bhojanaṁ tāmasa-priyam

타마스적인 사람들은 잘못 요리하고 맛이 없고, 악취가 나고, 상하고, 깨끗하지 않고, 먹다 남은 등과 같은 봉헌물로 바치기에 적당하지 않은 불순한 음식을 좋아한다.

Word for word: 

yāta-yāmam — food cooked three hours before being eaten; gata-rasam — tasteless; pūti — bad-smelling; paryuṣitam — decomposed; ca — also; yat — that which; ucchiṣṭam — remnants of food eaten by others; api — also; ca — and; amedhyam — untouchable; bhojanam — eating; tāmasa — to one in the mode of darkness; priyam — dear.

Translation: 

Food prepared more than three hours before being eaten, food that is tasteless, decomposed and putrid, and food consisting of remnants and untouchable things is dear to those in the mode of darkness.

Bg 17.11

अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते।

यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः॥१७- ११॥

aphalākāṅkṣibhir yajño

vidhi-diṣṭo ya ijyate

yaṣṭavyam eveti manaḥ

samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ

결과를 바라지 않고 경전의 법에 따라서 기꺼이 바쳐지는 희생 제의는 사트바적인 숭배이다.

Word for word: 

aphala-ākāṅkṣibhiḥ — by those devoid of desire for result; yajñaḥ — sacrifice; vidhi-diṣṭaḥ — according to the direction of scripture; yaḥ — which; ijyate — is performed; yaṣṭavyam — must be performed; eva — certainly; iti — thus; manaḥ — mind; samādhāya — fixing; saḥ — it; sāttvikaḥ — in the mode of goodness.

Translation: 

Of sacrifices, the sacrifice performed according to the directions of scripture, as a matter of duty, by those who desire no reward, is of the nature of goodness.

Bg 17.12

अभिसंधाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत्।

इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम्॥१७- १२॥

abhisandhāya tu phalaṁ

dambhārtham api caiva yat

ijyate bharata-śreṣṭha

taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam

오, 바라타르슈레스타(아르주나)여! 보답을 받거나 과시하기 위한 목적으로 바쳐지는 숭배는 라자스적인 숭배임을 알아라.

Word for word: 

abhisandhāya — desiring; tu — but; phalam — the result; dambha — pride; artham — for the sake of; api — also; ca — and; eva — certainly; yat — that which; ijyate — is performed; bharata-śreṣṭha — O chief of the Bhāratas; tam — that; yajñam — sacrifice; viddhi — know; rājasam — in the mode of passion.

Translation: 

But the sacrifice performed for some material benefit, or for the sake of pride, O chief of the Bhāratas, you should know to be in the mode of passion.

Bg 17.13

विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम्।

श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते॥१७- १३॥

vidhi-hīnam asṛṣṭānnaṁ

mantra-hīnam adakṣiṇam

śraddhā-virahitaṁ yajñaṁ

tāmasaṁ paricakṣate

경전에서 정한 바를 어기고, 봉헌물도 나누지 않고, 만트라도 빠져 있고 사례도 하지 않는 숭배는 타마스적인 숭배임을 알아라.

Word for word: 

vidhi-hīnam — without scriptural direction; asṛṣṭa-annam — without distribution of prasādam; mantra-hīnam — with no chanting of the Vedic hymns; adakṣiṇam — with no remunerations to the priests; śraddhā — faith; virahitam — without; yajñam — sacrifice; tāmasam — in the mode of ignorance; paricakṣate — is to be considered.

Translation: 

Any sacrifice performed without regard for the directions of scripture, without distribution of prasādam [spiritual food], without chanting of Vedic hymns and remunerations to the priests, and without faith is considered to be in the mode of ignorance.

Bg 17.14

देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम्।

ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते॥१७- १४॥

deva-dvija-guru-prājña-

pūjanaṁ śaucam ārjavam

brahmacaryam ahiṁsā ca

śārīraṁ tapa ucyate

육체적인 고행이란 신들, 브라민들,스승들과 현자들을 순수, 정직, 금욕과 비폭력으로 숭배하는 것이다.

Word for word: 

deva — of the Supreme Lord; dvija — the brāhmaṇas; guru — the spiritual master; prājña — and worshipable personalities; pūjanam — worship; śaucam — cleanliness; ārjavam — simplicity; brahmacaryam — celibacy; ahiṁsā — nonviolence; ca — also; śārīram — pertaining to the body; tapaḥ — austerity; ucyate — is said to be.

Translation: 

Austerity of the body consists in worship of the Supreme Lord, the brāhmaṇas, the spiritual master, and superiors like the father and mother, and in cleanliness, simplicity, celibacy and nonviolence.

Bg 17.15

अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत्।

स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते॥१७- १५॥

anudvega-karaṁ vākyaṁ

satyaṁ priya-hitaṁ ca yat

svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva

vāṅ-mayaṁ tapa ucyate

말의 고행이란 아무에게도 상처를 주지 않고, 진실하고, 즐겁게 하고, 남에게 도움이 되는 말을 하고 그리고 경전을 암송하는 것이다.

Word for word: 

anudvega-karam — not agitating; vākyam — words; satyam — truthful; priya — dear; hitam — beneficial; ca — also; yat — which; svādhyāya — of Vedic study; abhyasanam — practice; ca — also; eva — certainly; vāk-mayam — of the voice; tapaḥ — austerity; ucyate — is said to be.

Translation: 

Austerity of speech consists in speaking words that are truthful, pleasing, beneficial, and not agitating to others, and also in regularly reciting Vedic literature.

Bg 17.16

मनः प्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः।

भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते॥१७- १६॥

manaḥ-prasādaḥ saumyatvaṁ

maunam ātma-vinigrahaḥ

bhāva-saṁśuddhir ity etat

tapo mānasam ucyate

마음의 고행이란 흔들리지 않고, 온화하고, 조용하고, 자기를 제어하고, 맑고, 깨끗하게 마음을 지키는 것이다.

Word for word: 

manaḥ-prasādaḥ — satisfaction of the mind; saumyatvam — being without duplicity towards others; maunam — gravity; ātma — of the self; vinigrahaḥ — control; bhāva — of one's nature; saṁśuddhiḥ — purification; iti — thus; etat — this; tapaḥ — austerity; mānasam — of the mind; ucyate — is said to be.

Translation: 

And satisfaction, simplicity, gravity, self-control and purification of one's existence are the austerities of the mind.

Bg 17.17

श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः।

अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते॥१७- १७॥

śraddhayā parayā taptaṁ

tapas tat tri-vidhaṁ naraiḥ

aphalākāṅkṣibhir yuktaiḥ

sāttvikaṁ paricakṣate

이러한 세 가지 고행을 경건한 사람이 아무런 결과도 바라지 않고 온전한 믿음을 가지고 행할 때, 그것은 사트바적인 고행이다.

Word for word: 

śraddhayā — with faith; parayā — transcendental; taptam — executed; tapaḥ — austerity; tat — that; tri-vidham — of three kinds; naraiḥ — by men; aphala-ākāṅkṣibhiḥ — who are without desires for fruits; yuktaiḥ — engaged; sāttvikam — in the mode of goodness; paricakṣate — is called.

Translation: 

This threefold austerity, performed with transcendental faith by men not expecting material benefits but engaged only for the sake of the Supreme, is called austerity in goodness.

Bg 17.18

सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत्।

क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम्॥१७- १८॥

satkāra-māna-pūjārthaṁ

tapo dambhena caiva yat

kriyate tad iha proktaṁ

rājasaṁ calam adhruvam

칭찬과 명예와 존경을 받기 위한 목적과 위선으로 행해지는 고행은 이 세상에 속한 고행이며 라자스적인 고행이다. 그것의 결과는 불안정하며 불확실하다.

Word for word: 

sat-kāra — respect; māna — honor; pūjā — and worship; artham — for the sake of; tapaḥ — austerity; dambhena — with pride; ca — also; eva — certainly; yat — which; kriyate — is performed; tat — that; iha — in this world; proktam — is said; rājasam — in the mode of passion; calam — flickering; adhruvam — temporary.

Translation: 

Penance performed out of pride and for the sake of gaining respect, honor and worship is said to be in the mode of passion. It is neither stable nor permanent.

Bg 17.19

मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः।

परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्॥१७- १९॥

mūḍha-grāheṇātmano yat

pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ

parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā

tat tāmasam udāhṛtam

어리석은 망상에 사로잡혀 자기 자신을 괴롭히고 남을 파멸로 끌고 가려는 고행은 타마스적인 고행이다.

Word for word: 

mūḍha — foolish; grāheṇa — with endeavor; ātmanaḥ — of one's own self; yat — which; pīḍayā — by torture; kriyate — is performed; tapaḥ — penance; parasya — to others; utsādana-artham — for the sake of causing annihilation; vā — or; tat — that; tāmasam — in the mode of darkness; udāhṛtam — is said to be.

Translation: 

Penance performed out of foolishness, with self-torture or to destroy or injure others, is said to be in the mode of ignorance.

Bg 17.20

दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे।

देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम्॥१७- २०॥

dātavyam iti yad dānaṁ

dīyate 'nupakāriṇe

deśe kāle ca pātre ca

tad dānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam

베푸는 것을 당연한 의무로 알고서, 받을 가치가 있는 사람에게 적절한 장소와 때에 보답을 바라지 않고 주는 선물은 사트바적인 선물이다.

Word for word: 

dātavyam — worth giving; iti — thus; yat — that which; dānam — charity; dīyate — is given; anupakāriṇe — irrespective of return; deśe — in a proper place; kāle — at a proper time; ca — also; pātre — to a suitable person; ca — and; tat — that; dānam — charity; sāttvikam — in the mode of goodness; smṛtam — is considered.

Translation: 

Charity given out of duty, without expectation of return, at the proper time and place, and to a worthy person is considered to be in the mode of goodness.

Bg 17.21

यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः।

दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम्॥१७- २१॥

yat tu pratyupakārārthaṁ

phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ

dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ

tad dānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam

보답을 받기 위하여, 혹은 공덕을 쌓으려는 마음으로, 혹은 마지못해서 베푸는 선물은 라자스적인 선물이다.

Word for word: 

yat — that which; tu — but; prati-upakāra-artham — for the sake of getting some return; phalam — a result; uddiśya — desiring; vā — or; punaḥ — again; dīyate — is given; ca — also; parikliṣṭam — grudgingly; tat — that; dānam — charity; rājasam — in the mode of passion; smṛtam — is understood to be.

Translation: 

But charity performed with the expectation of some return, or with a desire for fruitive results, or in a grudging mood, is said to be charity in the mode of passion.

Bg 17.22

अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते।

असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम्॥१७- २२॥

adeśa-kāle yad dānam

apātrebhyaś ca dīyate

asat-kṛtam avajñātaṁ

tat tāmasam udāhṛtam

잘못된 장소와 때에, 받을 만한 가치가 없는 사람들에게, 존경하는 마음이 없거나 멸시하면서 주는 선물은 타마스적인 선물이다.

Word for word: 

adeśa — at an unpurified place; kāle — and unpurified time; yat — that which; dānam — charity; apātrebhyaḥ — to unworthy persons; ca — also; dīyate — is given; asat-kṛtam — without respect; avajñātam — without proper attention; tat — that; tāmasam — in the mode of darkness; udāhṛtam — is said to be.

Translation: 

And charity performed at an impure place, at an improper time, to unworthy persons, or without proper attention and respect is said to be in the mode of ignorance.

Bg 17.23

ॐतत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः।

ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा॥१७- २३॥

oṁ tat sad iti nirdeśo

brahmaṇas tri-vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ

brāhmaṇās tena vedāś ca

yajñāś ca vihitāḥ purā

"옴, 탓, 삿"은 브라만의 세 가지 이름이라고 알려져 왔다. 그것에 의해 브라민들과 베다들과 희생 제의들이 옛적에 만들어 젔다.

Word for word: 

oṁ — indication of the Supreme; tat — that; sat — eternal; iti — thus; nirdeśaḥ — indication; brahmaṇaḥ — of the Supreme; tri-vidhaḥ — threefold; smṛtaḥ — is considered; brāhmaṇāḥ — the brāhmaṇas; tena — with that; vedāḥ — the Vedic literature; ca — also; yajñāḥ — sacrifice; ca — also; vihitāḥ — used; purā — formerly.

Translation: 

From the beginning of creation, the three words oṁ tat sat were used to indicate the Supreme Absolute Truth. These three symbolic representations were used by brāhmaṇas while chanting the hymns of the Vedas and during sacrifices for the satisfaction of the Supreme.

Bg 17.24

तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः।

प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम्॥१७- २४॥

tasmād oṁ ity udāhṛtya

yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ

pravartante vidhānoktāḥ

satataṁ brahma-vādinām

그러므로 베다들을 아는 사람들은 경전에 기록된 대로 '옴'을 발음하면서 희생 제의와 선물과 고행의 행위를 시작한다.

Word for word: 

tasmāt — therefore; oṁ — beginning with oṁ; iti — thus; udāhṛtya — indicating; yajña — of sacrifice; dāna — charity; tapaḥ — and penance; kriyāḥ — performances; pravartante — begin; vidhāna-uktāḥ — according to scriptural regulation; satatam — always; brahma-vādinām — of the transcendentalists.

Translation: 

Therefore, transcendentalists undertaking performances of sacrifice, charity and penance in accordance with scriptural regulations begin always with oṁ, to attain the Supreme.

Bg 17.25

तदित्यनभिसन्धाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः।

दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः॥१७- २५॥

tad ity anabhisandhāya

phalaṁ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ

dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ

kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ

해방을 바라는 사람들은 결과들을 바라지 않으며 '탓' 소리와 함께 희생 제의, 고행 및 여러가지 선물의 행위를 행한다.

Word for word: 

tat — that; iti — thus; anabhisandhāya — without desiring; phalam — the fruitive result; yajña — of sacrifice; tapaḥ — and penance; kriyāḥ — activities; dāna — of charity; kriyāḥ — activities; ca — also; vividhāḥ — various; kriyante — are done; mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ — by those who actually desire liberation.

Translation: 

Without desiring fruitive results, one should perform various kinds of sacrifice, penance and charity with the word tat. The purpose of such transcendental activities is to get free from material entanglement.

Bg 17.26-27

सद्भावे साधुभावे च सदित्येतत्प्रयुज्यते।

प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते॥१७- २६॥

यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते।

कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते॥१७- २७॥

sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca

sad ity etat prayujyate

praśaste karmaṇi tathā

sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate

yajñe tapasi dāne ca

sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate

karma caiva tad-arthīyaṁ

sad ity evābhidhīyate

'삿'이라는 단어는 실재와 선함이라는 의미로 사용된다. 그리고 또한, 오, 파르타(아르주나)여! '삿'이라는 단어는 아름다운 행위라는 의미로도 사용된다.

희생 제의와 고행과 선물에 대한 헌신도 역시 '삿'이라고 말해진다. 그리고 이런 것들과 연관되는 행위조차도 '삿'이라 불린다.

Word for word: 

sat-bhāve — in the sense of the nature of the Supreme; sādhu-bhāve — in the sense of the nature of the devotee; ca — also; sat — the word sat; iti — thus; etat — this; prayujyate — is used; praśaste — in bona fide; karmaṇi — activities; tathā — also; sat-śabdaḥ — the sound sat; pārtha — O son of Pṛthā; yujyate — is used; yajñe — in sacrifice; tapasi — in penance; dāne — in charity; ca — also; sthitiḥ — the situation; sat — the Supreme; iti — thus; ca — and; ucyate — is pronounced; karma — work; ca — also; eva — certainly; tat — for that; arthīyam — meant; sat — the Supreme; iti — thus; eva — certainly; abhidhīyate — is indicated.

Translation: 

The Absolute Truth is the objective of devotional sacrifice, and it is indicated by the word sat. The performer of such sacrifice is also called sat, as are all works of sacrifice, penance and charity which, true to the absolute nature, are performed to please the Supreme Person, O son of Pṛthā.

Bg 17.28

अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत्।

असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह॥१७- २८॥

aśraddhayā hutaṁ dattaṁ

tapas taptaṁ kṛtaṁ ca yat

asad ity ucyate pārtha

na ca tat pretya no iha

어떤 희생 제의를 하건, 어떤 선물을 주건, 어떤 고행을 하건, 믿음이 없이 이루어진다면, 그것은 모두 '아삿'이다. 오, 파르타(아르주나)여! 그것은 이 세상에서나 다음 세상에서나 아무런 가치가 없다.

Word for word: 

aśraddhayā — without faith; hutam — offered in sacrifice; dattam — given; tapaḥ — penance; taptam — executed; kṛtam — performed; ca — also; yat — that which; asat — false; iti — thus; ucyate — is said to be; pārtha — O son of Pṛthā; na — never; ca — also; tat — that; pretya — after death; na u — nor; iha — in this life.

Translation: 

Anything done as sacrifice, charity or penance without faith in the Supreme, O son of Pṛthā, is impermanent. It is called asat and is useless both in this life and the next.


한역참조:바가바드기타-알라디 마하데바샤스트리 영역/김병채 옮김