4.가냐 요가 - ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोग 바가바드 기타 Bhagavad-gītā

1. BHAGAVAD-GITA - CHAPTER 04 - SANSKRIT BY ANURADHA PAUDWAL.mp3

 Bg 4.1

श्रीभगवानुवाच (THE LORD SAID):
 

इमं विवस्वते योगं प्रोक्तवानहमव्ययम्।

विवस्वान्मनवे प्राह मनुरिक्ष्वाकवेऽब्रवीत्॥४-१॥

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

imaṁ vivasvate yogaṁ

proktavān aham avyayam

vivasvān manave prāha

manur ikṣvākave 'bravīt

나는 이 불멸의 요가를 비바스바트(태양신)에게 가르쳤고, 비바스바트는 그것을 마누에게 전했고, 마누는 그것을 익슈바쿠에게 전했다.



Word for word: 

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Supreme Personality of Godhead said; imam — this; vivasvate — unto the sun—god; yogam — the science of one's relationship to the Supreme; proktavān — instructed; aham — I; avyayam — imperishable; vivasvān — Vivasvān (the sun-god's name); manave — unto the father of mankind (of the name Vaivasvata); prāha — told; manuḥ — the father of mankind; ikṣvākave — unto King Ikṣvāku; abravīt — said.

Translation: 

The Personality of Godhead, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, said: I instructed this imperishable science of yoga to the sun-god, Vivasvān, and Vivasvān instructed it to Manu, the father of mankind, and Manu in turn instructed it to Ikṣvāku.

Bg 4.2

एवं परम्पराप्राप्तमिमं राजर्षयो विदुः।

स कालेनेह महता योगो नष्टः परन्तप॥४-२॥

evaṁ paramparā-prāptam

imaṁ rājarṣayo viduḥ

sa kāleneha mahatā

yogo naṣṭaḥ parantapa

이와 같이 이 요가는 왕족의 현자들에 의하여 대를 이어 전승되었다. 그러나 오랜 세월이 흐르는 동안 이 요가는 세상에서 사라져 버렸다. 오, 파란타파(아르주나)여!



Word for word: 

evam — thus; paramparā — by disciplic succession; prāptam — received; imam — this science; rāja-ṛṣayaḥ — the saintly kings; viduḥ — understood; saḥ — that knowledge; kālena — in the course of time; iha — in this world; mahatā — great; yogaḥ — the science of one's relationship with the Supreme; naṣṭaḥ — scattered; parantapa — O Arjuna, subduer of the enemies.

Translation: 

This supreme science was thus received through the chain of disciplic succession, and the saintly kings understood it in that way. But in course of time the succession was broken, and therefore the science as it is appears to be lost.

Bg 4.3

स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः।

भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम्॥४-३॥

sa evāyaṁ mayā te 'dya

yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ

bhakto 'si me sakhā ceti

rahasyaṁ hy etad uttamam

오늘 나는 그대에게 그 태고의 요가를 가르쳐 주었다. 왜나하면 그대는 나의 헌신자이자 벗이기 때문이다. 이것은 지고의 신비이다. 이 지식, 이 요가는 매우 깊은 비밀이다.



Word for word: 

saḥ — the same; eva — certainly; ayam — this; mayā — by Me; te — unto you; adya — today; yogaḥ — the science of yoga; proktaḥ — spoken; purātanaḥ — very old; bhaktaḥ — devotee; asi — you are; me — My; sakhā — friend; ca — also; iti — therefore; rahasyam — mystery; hi — certainly; etat — this; uttamam — transcendental.

Translation: 

That very ancient science of the relationship with the Supreme is today told by Me to you because you are My devotee as well as My friend and can therefore understand the transcendental mystery of this science.

Bg 4.4

अर्जुन उवाच (Arjun Said):

अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः।

कथमेतद्विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति॥४-४॥

arjuna uvāca

aparaṁ bhavato janma

paraṁ janma vivasvataḥ

katham etad vijānīyāṁ

tvam ādau proktavān iti

아르주나가 말했다.

비바스바트는 주인님보다 먼저 태어나셨습니다. 그런데 주인님께서 태초에 이 요가를 그에게 가르치셨다는 말씀을 제가 어떻게 받아들여야 하겠습니까?



Word for word: 

arjunaḥ uvāca — Arjuna said; aparam — junior; bhavataḥ — Your; janma — birth; param — superior; janma — birth; vivasvataḥ — of the sun—god; katham — how; etat — this; vijānīyām — shall I understand; tvam — You; ādau — in the beginning; proktavān — instructed; iti — thus.

Translation: 

Arjuna said: The sun-god Vivasvān is senior by birth to You. How am I to understand that in the beginning You instructed this science to him?

Bg 4.5

श्रीभगवानुवाच (THE LORD SAID):

बहूनि मे व्यतीतानि जन्मानि तव चार्जुन।

तान्यहं वेद सर्वाणि न त्वं वेत्थ परन्तप॥४-५॥

śrī-bhagavān uvāca

bahūni me vyatītāni

janmāni tava cārjuna

tāny ahaṁ veda sarvāṇi

na tvaṁ vettha parantapa

슈리 바가반이 말했다.

오, 아르주나여! 그대와 나는 수많은 생을 거쳐왔다. 나는 그것 모두를 알고 있지만 그대는 그것을 모르고 있다. 오, 파란타파(아르주나)여!



Word for word: 

śrī-bhagavān uvāca — the Personality of Godhead said; bahūni — many; me — of Mine; vyatītāni — have passed; janmāni — births; tava — of yours; ca — and also; arjuna — O Arjuna; tāni — those; aham — I; veda — do know; sarvāṇi — all; na — not; tvam — you; vettha — know; parantapa — O subduer of the enemy.

Translation: 

The Personality of Godhead said: Many, many births both you and I have passed. I can remember all of them, but you cannot, O subduer of the enemy!

Bg 4.6

अजोऽपि सन्नव्ययात्मा भूतानामीश्वरोऽपि सन्।

प्रकृतिं स्वामधिष्ठाय संभवाम्यात्ममायया॥४-६॥

ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā

bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san

prakṛtiṁ svām adhiṣṭhāya

sambhavāmy ātma-māyayā

나는 불생불멸이며 모든 존재의 주인이지만 나의 프라크리티를 다스려, 나의 신비로운 마야를 통하여 이 세상에 태어났다.



Word for word: 

ajaḥ — unborn; api — although; san — being so; avyaya — without deterioration; ātmā — body; bhūtānām — of all those who are born; īśvaraḥ — the Supreme Lord; api — although; san — being so; prakṛtim — in the transcendental form; svām — of Myself; adhiṣṭhāya — being so situated; sambhavāmi — I do incarnate; ātma-māyayā — by My internal energy.

Translation: 

Although I am unborn and My transcendental body never deteriorates, and although I am the Lord of all living entities, by My internal energy I still appear in every millennium in My original transcendental form.

Bg 4.7

यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत।

अभ्युत्थानमधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम्॥४-७॥

yadā yadā hi dharmasya

glānir bhavati bhārata

abhyutthānam adharmasya

tadātmānaṁ sṛjāmy aham

오, 바라타(아르주나)여! 다르마가 기울어지고 아다르마가 힘을 떨칠 때 나는 태어난다.



Word for word: 

yadā yadā — whenever and wherever; hi — certainly; dharmasya — of religion; glāniḥ — discrepancies; bhavati — become manifested; bhārata — O descendant of Bharata; abhyutthānam — predominance; adharmasya — of irreligion; tadā — at that time; ātmānam — self; sṛjāmi — manifest; aham — I.

Translation: 

Whenever and wherever there is a decline in religious practice, O descendant of Bharata, and a predominant rise of irreligion—at that time I descend Myself.

Bg 4.8

परित्राणाय साधूनां विनाशाय च दुष्कृताम्।

धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय सम्भवामि युगे युगे॥४-८॥

paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṁ

vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām

dharma-saṁsthāpanārthāya

sambhavāmi yuge yuge

의로운 사람들을 보호하고 악한 사람들을 멸하기 위하여 그리고 다르마를 세우기 위하여, 나는 매 세대마다 태어난다.



Word for word: 

paritrāṇāya — for the deliverance; sādhūnām — of the devotees; vināśāya — for the annihilation; ca — and; duṣkṛtām — of the miscreants; dharma — principles of religion; saṁsthāpana-arthāya — to reestablish; sambhavāmi — I do appear; yuge — millennium; yuge — after millennium.

Translation: 

To deliver the pious and to annihilate the miscreants, as well as to reestablish the principles of religion, I Myself appear, millennium after millennium.

Bg 4.9

जन्म कर्म च मे दिव्यमेवं यो वेत्ति तत्त्वतः।

त्यक्त्वा देहं पुनर्जन्म नैति मामेति सोऽर्जुन॥४-९॥

janma karma ca me divyam

evaṁ yo vetti tattvataḥ

tyaktvā dehaṁ punar janma

naiti mām eti so 'rjuna

나의 신성한 탄생과 행위의 비밀을 아는 사람은 두 번 다시 태어나지 않는다. 그는 나에게로 온다. 오, 아르주나여!



Word for word: 

janma — birth; karma — work; ca — also; me — of Mine; divyam — transcendental; evam — like this; yaḥ — anyone who; vetti — knows; tattvataḥ — in reality; tyaktvā — leaving aside; deham — this body; punaḥ — again; janma — birth; na — never; eti — does attain; mām — unto Me; eti — does attain; saḥ — he; arjuna — O Arjuna.

Translation: 

One who knows the transcendental nature of My appearance and activities does not, upon leaving the body, take his birth again in this material world, but attains My eternal abode, O Arjuna.

Bg 4.10

वीतरागभयक्रोधा मन्मया मामुपाश्रिताः।

बहवो ज्ञानतपसा पूता मद्भावमागताः॥४-१०॥

vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhā

man-mayā mām upāśritāḥ

bahavo jñāna-tapasā

pūtā mad-bhāvam āgatāḥ

집착과 두려움과 분노를 벗어났고, 늘 나로 가득 차 있고, 나안에 안식처를 찾으며, 그리고 지식의 타파스(불)로 정화된 많은 이들이 나와 하나가 되었다.



Word for word: 

vīta — freed from; rāga — attachment; bhaya — fear; krodhāḥ — and anger; mat-mayā — fully in Me; mām — in Me; upāśritāḥ — being fully situated; bahavaḥ — many; jñāna — of knowledge; tapasā — by the penance; pūtāḥ — being purified; mat-bhāvam — transcendental love for Me; āgatāḥ — attained.

Translation: 

Being freed from attachment, fear and anger, being fully absorbed in Me and taking refuge in Me, many, many persons in the past became purified by knowledge of Me—and thus they all attained transcendental love for Me.

Bg 4.11

ये यथा मां प्रपद्यन्ते तांस्तथैव भजाम्यहम्।

मम वर्त्मानुवर्तन्ते मनुष्याः पार्थ सर्वशः॥४-११॥

ye yathā māṁ prapadyante

tāṁs tathaiva bhajāmy aham

mama vartmānuvartante

manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ

사람들이 무슨 길로 나에게로 오든, 나는 그들의 길에 축복을 내린다. 사람들은 여러 길로 나에게 온다. 오, 파르타(아르주나)여!



Word for word: 

ye — all who; yathā — as; mām — unto Me; prapadyante — surrender; tān — them; tathā — so; eva — certainly; bhajāmi — reward; aham — I; mama — My; vartma — path; anuvartante — follow; manuṣyāḥ — all men; pārtha — O son of Pṛthā; sarvaśaḥ — in all respects.

Translation: 

As all surrender unto Me, I reward them accordingly. Everyone follows My path in all respects, O son of Pṛthā.

Bg 4.12

काङ्क्षन्तः कर्मणां सिद्धिं यजन्त इह देवताः।

क्षिप्रं हि मानुषे लोके सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा॥४-१२॥

kāṅkṣantaḥ karmaṇāṁ siddhiṁ

yajanta iha devatāḥ

kṣipraṁ hi mānuṣe loke

siddhir bhavati karma-jā

행위의 성공을 바라는 사람들은 신들에게 희생 제의를 바친다. 인간 세상에서는 그렇게 함으로써 행위의 성공을 빨리 거둔다.



Word for word: 

kāṅkṣantaḥ — desiring; karmaṇām — of fruitive activities; siddhim — perfection; yajante — they worship by sacrifices; iha — in the material world; devatāḥ — the demigods; kṣipram — very quickly; hi — certainly; mānuṣe — in human society; loke — within this world; siddhiḥ — success; bhavati — comes; karma-jā — from fruitive work.

Translation: 

Men in this world desire success in fruitive activities, and therefore they worship the demigods. Quickly, of course, men get results from fruitive work in this world.

Bg 4.13

चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः।

तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम्॥४-१३॥

cātur-varṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭaṁ

guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ

tasya kartāram api māṁ

viddhy akartāram avyayam

나는 구나들과 카르마에 따라 네 바르나(카스트)들을 만들었다. 비록 내가 그것들을 만들었지만, 나는 행위를 하지도 않으며 변하지도 않음을 알아라.



Word for word: 

cātuḥ-varṇyam — the four divisions of human society; mayā — by Me; sṛṣṭam — created; guṇa — of quality; karma — and work; vibhāgaśaḥ — in terms of division; tasya — of that; kartāram — the father; api — although; mām — Me; viddhi — you may know; akartāram — as the nondoer; avyayam — unchangeable.

Translation: 

According to the three modes of material nature and the work associated with them, the four divisions of human society are created by Me. And although I am the creator of this system, you should know that I am yet the nondoer, being unchangeable.

Bg 4.14

न मां कर्माणि लिम्पन्ति न मे कर्मफले स्पृहा।

इति मां योऽभिजानाति कर्मभिर्न स बध्यते॥४-१४॥

na māṁ karmāṇi limpanti

na me karma-phale spṛhā

iti māṁ yo 'bhijānāti

karmabhir na sa badhyate

행위의 결과들을 바라지 않기 때문에, 행위는 나를 오염시키지 못한다. 나를 이렇게 아는 사람은 행위에 의해 묶이지 않는다.



Word for word: 

na — never; mām — Me; karmāṇi — all kinds of work; limpanti — do affect; na — nor; me — My; karma-phale — in fruitive action; spṛhā — aspiration; iti — thus; mām — Me; yaḥ — one who; abhijānāti — does know; karmabhiḥ — by the reaction of such work; na — never; saḥ — he; badhyate — becomes entangled.

Translation: 

There is no work that affects Me; nor do I aspire for the fruits of action. One who understands this truth about Me also does not become entangled in the fruitive reactions of work.

Bg 4.15

एवं ज्ञात्वा कृतं कर्म पूर्वैरपि मुमुक्षुभिः।

कुरु कर्मैव तस्मात्त्वं पूर्वैः पूर्वतरं कृतम्॥४-१५॥

evaṁ jñātvā kṛtaṁ karma

pūrvair api mumukṣubhiḥ

kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvaṁ

pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṁ kṛtam

해방을 갈망한 옛날 사람들은 이것을 알고서 그들의 행위를 하였다. 그러므로 그대도 옛날의 구도자들을 본받아 그대의 의무적인 행위들을 하여라.



Word for word: 

evam — thus; jñātvā — knowing well; kṛtam — was performed; karma — work; pūrvaiḥ — by past authorities; api — indeed; mumukṣubhiḥ — who attained liberation; kuru — just perform; karma — prescribed duty; eva — certainly; tasmāt — therefore; tvam — you; pūrvaiḥ — by the predecessors; pūrva-taram — in ancient times; kṛtam — as performed.

Translation: 

All the liberated souls in ancient times acted with this understanding of My transcendental nature. Therefore you should perform your duty, following in their footsteps.

Bg 4.16

किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः।

तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात्॥४-१६॥

kiṁ karma kim akarmeti

kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ

tat te karma pravakṣyāmi

yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt

무엇이 행위이고, 무엇이 무행위인지를 지혜로운 사람들 조차 혼동하고 있다. 이제 나는 그대에게 행위가 무엇인지를 가르쳐 주겠다. 이 지식을 알면 그대는 행위에서 생기는 악한 결과를 벗어날 수 있을 것이다.



Word for word: 

kim — what is; karma — action; kim — what is; akarma — inaction; iti — thus; kavayaḥ — the intelligent; api — also; atra — in this matter; mohitāḥ — are bewildered; tat — that; te — unto you; karma — work; pravakṣyāmi — I shall explain; yat — which; jñātvā — knowing; mokṣyase — you will be liberated; aśubhāt — from ill fortune.

Translation: 

Even the intelligent are bewildered in determining what is action and what is inaction. Now I shall explain to you what action is, knowing which you shall be liberated from all misfortune.

Bg 4.17

कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः।

अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः॥४-१७॥

karmaṇo hy api boddhavyaṁ

boddhavyaṁ ca vikarmaṇaḥ

akarmaṇaś ca boddhavyaṁ

gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ

해야 하는 행위가 무엇인지, 금지된 행위가 무엇인지, 그리고 무행위가 무엇인지를 그대는 알아야 한다. 행위의 비밀을 이해하기란 어렵다.



Word for word: 

karmaṇaḥ — of work; hi — certainly; api — also; boddhavyam — should be understood; boddhavyam — should be understood; ca — also; vikarmaṇaḥ — of forbidden work; akarmaṇaḥ — of inaction; ca — also; boddhavyam — should be understood; gahanā — very difficult; karmaṇaḥ — of work; gatiḥ — entrance.

Translation: 

The intricacies of action are very hard to understand. Therefore one should know properly what action is, what forbidden action is, and what inaction is.

Bg 4.18

कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः।

स बुद्धिमान्मनुष्येषु स युक्तः कृत्स्नकर्मकृत्॥४-१८॥

karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed

akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ

sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu

sa yuktaḥ kṛtsna-karma-kṛt

행위 속에서 무행위를, 무행위 속에서 행위를 보는 사람은 지혜로운 사람이요, 요기이다. 그는 해야 할 일 모두를 마쳤다.



Word for word: 

karmaṇi — in action; akarma — inaction; yaḥ — one who; paśyet — observes; akarmaṇi — in inaction; ca — also; karma — fruitive action; yaḥ — one who; saḥ — he; buddhi-mān — is intelligent; manuṣyeṣu — in human society; saḥ — he; yuktaḥ — is in the transcendental position; kṛtsna-karma-kṛt — although engaged in all activities.

Translation: 

One who sees inaction in action, and action in inaction, is intelligent among men, and he is in the transcendental position, although engaged in all sorts of activities.

Bg 4.19

यस्य सर्वे समारम्भाः कामसंकल्पवर्जिताः।

ज्ञानाग्निदग्धकर्माणं तमाहुः पण्डितं बुधाः॥४-१९॥

yasya sarve samārambhāḥ

kāma-saṅkalpa-varjitāḥ

jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṁ

tam āhuḥ paṇḍitaṁ budhāḥ

욕망이 없이, 이기적인 목적이 없이 일을 하며, 자신의 행위가 지식의 불꽃에 타 버린 사람을 판디타(현자)라 부른다.



Word for word: 

yasya — one whose; sarve — all sorts of; samārambhāḥ — attempts; kāma — based on desire for sense gratification; saṅkalpa — determination; varjitāḥ — are devoid of; jñāna — of perfect knowledge; agni — by the fire; dagdha — burned; karmāṇam — whose work; tam — him; āhuḥ — declare; paṇḍitam — learned; budhāḥ — those who know.

Translation: 

One is understood to be in full knowledge whose every endeavor is devoid of desire for sense gratification. He is said by sages to be a worker for whom the reactions of work have been burned up by the fire of perfect knowledge.

Bg 4.20

त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः।

कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किंचित्करोति सः॥४-२०॥

tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṁ

nitya-tṛpto nirāśrayaḥ

karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi

naiva kiñcit karoti saḥ

행위의 결과에 대한 집착을 버린 사람, 언제나 만족하며 모든 의존을 벗어난 사람은 비록 행위를 늘 하고 있더라도 사실은 아무것도 하지 않고 있다.



Word for word: 

tyaktvā — having given up; karma-phala-āsaṅgam — attachment for fruitive results; nitya — always; tṛptaḥ — being satisfied; nirāśrayaḥ — without any shelter; karmaṇi — in activity; abhipravṛttaḥ — being fully engaged; api — in spite of; na — does not; eva — certainly; kiñcit — anything; karoti — do; saḥ — he.

Translation: 

Abandoning all attachment to the results of his activities, ever satisfied and independent, he performs no fruitive action, although engaged in all kinds of undertakings.

Bg 4.21

निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा त्यक्तसर्वपरिग्रहः।

शारीरं केवलं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम्॥४-२१॥

nirāśīr yata-cittātmā

tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ

śārīraṁ kevalaṁ karma

kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam

아무것도 바라지 않으며, 몸과 마음을 잘 조절하고 있으며, 모든 소유물을 버렸으며, 단지 필요한 최소한의 신체적 행위만을 하는 사람은 아무런 죄를 짓지 않는다.



Word for word: 

nirāśīḥ — without desire for the result; yata — controlled; citta-ātmā — mind and intelligence; tyakta — giving up; sarva — all; parigrahaḥ — sense of proprietorship over possessions; śārīram — in keeping body and soul together; kevalam — only; karma — work; kurvan — doing; na — never; āpnoti — does acquire; kilbiṣam — sinful reactions.

Translation: 

Such a man of understanding acts with mind and intelligence perfectly controlled, gives up all sense of proprietorship over his possessions, and acts only for the bare necessities of life. Thus working, he is not affected by sinful reactions.

Bg 4.22

यदृच्छालाभसंतुष्टो द्वन्द्वातीतो विमत्सरः।

समः सिद्धावसिद्धौ च कृत्वापि न निबध्यते॥४-२२॥

yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭo

dvandvātīto vimatsaraḥ

samaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca

kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate

구하지 않아도 오는 것에 만족하며, 반대되는 양극을 초월하였으며, 부러워하지 않으며, 성공과 실패에도 마음이 흔들리지 않는 사람은 행위를 하고 있더라도 묶이지 않는다.



Word for word: 

yadṛcchā — out of its own accord; lābha — with gain; santuṣṭaḥ — satisfied; dvandva — duality; atītaḥ — surpassed; vimatsaraḥ — free from envy; samaḥ — steady; siddhau — in success; asiddhau — failure; ca — also; kṛtvā — doing; api — although; na — never; nibadhyate — becomes affected.

Translation: 

He who is satisfied with gain which comes of its own accord, who is free from duality and does not envy, who is steady in both success and failure, is never entangled, although performing actions.

Bg 4.23

गतसङ्गस्य मुक्तस्य ज्ञानावस्थितचेतसः।

यज्ञायाचरतः कर्म समग्रं प्रविलीयते॥४-२३॥

gata-saṅgasya muktasya

jñānāvasthita-cetasaḥ

yajñāyācarataḥ karma

samagraṁ pravilīyate

모든 집착이 사라졌으며, 자유로우며, 마음이 참나 지식에 뿌리를 내리고 있으며, 모든 행위를 희생 제의로 하고 있는 사람은 행위가 점차로 사라진다.



Word for word: 

gata-saṅgasya — of one unattached to the modes of material nature; muktasya — of the liberated; jñāna-avasthita — situated in transcendence; cetasaḥ — whose wisdom; yajñāya — for the sake of Yajña (Kṛṣṇa); ācarataḥ — acting; karma — work; samagram — in total; pravilīyate — merges entirely.

Translation: 

The work of a man who is unattached to the modes of material nature and who is fully situated in transcendental knowledge merges entirely into transcendence.

Bg 4.24

ब्रह्मार्पणं ब्रह्म हविर्ब्रह्माग्नौ ब्रह्मणा हुतम्।

ब्रह्मैव तेन गन्तव्यं ब्रह्मकर्मसमाधिना॥४-२४॥

brahmārpaṇaṁ brahma havir

brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam

brahmaiva tena gantavyaṁ

brahma-karma-samādhinā

제의를 바치는 행위도 브라만이요, 제의물도 브라만이요, 제의를 바치는 사람도 브라만이요, 제의물을 태우는 불도 브라만이다. 언제나 행위 안에서 브라만을 보는 사람은 브라만을 얻는다.



Word for word: 

brahma — spiritual in nature; arpaṇam — contribution; brahma — the Supreme; haviḥ — butter; brahma — spiritual; agnau — in the fire of consummation; brahmaṇā — by the spirit soul; hutam — offered; brahma — spiritual kingdom; eva — certainly; tena — by him; gantavyam — to be reached; brahma — spiritual; karma — in activities; samādhinā — by complete absorption.

Translation: 

A person who is fully absorbed in Kṛṣṇa consciousness is sure to attain the spiritual kingdom because of his full contribution to spiritual activities, in which the consummation is absolute and that which is offered is of the same spiritual nature.

Bg 4.25

दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते।

ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति॥४-२५॥

daivam evāpare yajñaṁ

yoginaḥ paryupāsate

brahmāgnāv apare yajñaṁ

yajñenaivopajuhvati

신(데바)들 에게 희생 제의를 드리는 사람들도 있고, 몸과 마음을 브라만의 불 속에 희생 제의로 드리는 사람도 있다.



Word for word: 

daivam — in worshiping the demigods; eva — like this; apare — some others; yajñam — sacrifices; yoginaḥ — mystics; paryupāsate — worship perfectly; brahma — of the Absolute Truth; agnau — in the fire; apare — others; yajñam — sacrifice; yajñena — by sacrifice; eva — thus; upajuhvati — offer.

Translation: 

Some yogīs perfectly worship the demigods by offering different sacrifices to them, and some offer sacrifices in the fire of the Supreme Brahman.

Bg 4.26

श्रोत्रादीनीन्द्रियाण्यन्ये संयमाग्निषु जुह्वति।

शब्दादीन्विषयानन्य इन्द्रियाग्निषु जुह्वति॥४-२६॥

śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye

saṁyamāgniṣu juhvati

śabdādīn viṣayān anya

indriyāgniṣu juhvati

어떤 사람들은 듣기 등과 같은 감각들을 절제의 불들에 희생 제의로 바치며, 또 다른 사람들은 소리 등과 같은 여러 감각의 대상을 감각의 불들에 태워 희생 제의로 바친다.



Word for word: 

śrotra-ādīni — such as the hearing process; indriyāṇi — senses; anye — others; saṁyama — of restraint; agniṣu — in the fires; juhvati — offer; śabda-ādīn — sound vibration, etc; viṣayān — objects of sense gratification; anye — others; indriya — of the sense organs; agniṣu — in the fires; juhvati — they sacrifice.

Translation: 

Some [the unadulterated brahmacārīs] sacrifice the hearing process and the senses in the fire of mental control, and others [the regulated householders] sacrifice the objects of the senses in the fire of the senses.

Bg 4.27

सर्वाणीन्द्रियकर्माणि प्राणकर्माणि चापरे।

आत्मसंयमयोगाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते॥४-२७॥

sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi

prāṇa-karmāṇi cāpare

ātma-saṁyama-yogāgnau

juhvati jñāna-dīpite

또 다른 사람들은 감각 기관들과 프라나의 기능들을 브라만의 지식으로 타오른 자기통제의 불에 희생 제의로 바친다.



Word for word: 

sarvāṇi — of all; indriya — the senses; karmāṇi — functions; prāṇa-karmāṇi — functions of the life breath; ca — also; apare — others; ātma-saṁyama — of controlling the mind; yoga — the linking process; agnau — in the fire of; juhvati — offer; jñāna-dīpite — because of the urge for self—realization.

Translation: 

Others, who are interested in achieving self-realization through control of the mind and senses, offer the functions of all the senses, and of the life breath, as oblations into the fire of the controlled mind.

Bg 4.28

द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे।

स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः॥४-२८॥

dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā

yoga-yajñās tathāpare

svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca

yatayaḥ saṁśita-vratāḥ

어떤 사람들은 물질을, 어떤 사람들은 고행을, 어떤 사람들은 요가를, 굳은 맹세를 한 수행자들은 경전 공부와 지식을 희생 제의로 바친다.



Word for word: 

dravya-yajñāḥ — sacrificing one's possessions; tapaḥ-yajñāḥ — sacrifice in austerities; yoga-yajñāḥ — sacrifice in eightfold mysticism; tathā — thus; apare — others; svādhyāya — sacrifice in the study of the Vedas; jñāna-yajñāḥ — sacrifice in advancement of transcendental knowledge; ca — also; yatayaḥ — enlightened persons; saṁśita-vratāḥ — taken to strict vows.

Translation: 

Having accepted strict vows, some become enlightened by sacrificing their possessions, and others by performing severe austerities, by practicing the yoga of eightfold mysticism, or by studying the Vedas to advance in transcendental knowledge.

Bg 4.29

अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथापरे।

प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः॥४-२९॥

apāne juhvati prāṇaṁ

prāṇe 'pānaṁ tathāpare

prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā

prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ

apare niyatāhārāḥ

prāṇān prāṇeṣu juhvati

프라나야마 수련에 전념하는 사람들은 들어오고 나가는 호흡을 조절하며, 들숨을 날숨에, 날숨을 들숨에 희생 제의로 바친다.



Word for word: 

apāne — in the air which acts downward; juhvati — offer; prāṇam — the air which acts outward; prāṇe — in the air going outward; apānam — the air going downward; tathā — as also; apare — others; prāṇa — of the air going outward; apāna — and the air going downward; gatī — the movement; ruddhvā — checking; prāṇa-āyāma — trance induced by stopping all breathing; parāyaṇāḥ — so inclined; apare — others; niyata — having controlled; āhārāḥ — eating; prāṇān — the outgoing air; prāṇeṣu — in the outgoing air; juhvati — sacrifice.

Translation: 

Still others, who are inclined to the process of breath restraint to remain in trance, practice by offering the movement of the outgoing breath into the incoming, and the incoming breath into the outgoing, and thus at last remain in trance, stopping all breathing. Others, curtailing the eating process, offer the outgoing breath into itself as a sacrifice.

Bg 4.30

अपरे नियताहाराः प्राणान्प्राणेषु जुह्वति।

सर्वेऽप्येते यज्ञविदो यज्ञक्षपितकल्मषाः॥४-३०॥

sarve 'py ete yajña-vido

yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ

yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo

yānti brahma sanātanam

또 어떤 사람들은 음식을 절제하여 먹으면서, 프라나를 프라나 안에 희생 제의로 바친다. 이 모든 사람들은 희생 제의가 무엇인지를 아는 사람들이다. 그렇게 희생 제의를 바침으로써 그들의 죄는 소멸된다.



Word for word: 

sarve — all; api — although apparently different; ete — these; yajña-vidaḥ — conversant with the purpose of performing sacrifices; yajña-kṣapita — being cleansed as the result of such performances; kalmaṣāḥ — of sinful reactions; yajña-śiṣṭa — of the result of such performances of yajña; amṛta-bhujaḥ — those who have tasted such nectar; yānti — do approach; brahma — the supreme; sanātanam — eternal atmosphere.

Translation: 

All these performers who know the meaning of sacrifice become cleansed of sinful reactions, and, having tasted the nectar of the results of sacrifices, they advance toward the supreme eternal atmosphere.

Bg 4.31

यज्ञशिष्टामृतभुजो यान्ति ब्रह्म सनातनम्।

नायं लोकोऽस्त्ययज्ञस्य कुतोऽन्यः कुरुसत्तम॥४-३१॥

nāyaṁ loko 'sty ayajñasya

kuto 'nyaḥ kuru-sattama

희생으로 바치고 남은 음식인 암리타(불멸의 넥타)를 먹는 사람들은 영원한 브라만에 이른다. 오, 쿠르사타마(아르주나)여! 이 세상은 희생 제의를 하지 않는 사람들을 위한 것이 아니다. 하물며 더 높은 다른 세계들은 어떠하겠는가?



Word for word: 

na — never; ayam — this; lokaḥ — planet; asti — there is; ayajñasya — for one who performs no sacrifice; kutaḥ — where is; anyaḥ — the other; kuru-sat-tama — O best amongst the Kurus.

Translation: 

O best of the Kuru dynasty, without sacrifice one can never live happily on this planet or in this life: what then of the next?

Bg 4.32

एवं बहुविधा यज्ञा वितता ब्रह्मणो मुखे।

कर्मजान्विद्धि तान्सर्वानेवं ज्ञात्वा विमोक्ष्यसे॥४-३२॥

evaṁ bahu-vidhā yajñā

vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe

karma-jān viddhi tān sarvān

evaṁ jñātvā vimokṣyase

여러 희생 제의들이 베다들에 널리 기록되어 있다. 그러나 이 모든 것들이 행위에서 나오는 것임을 알아라. 이렇게 알면, 그대는 해방될 것이다.



Word for word: 

evam — thus; bahu-vidhāḥ — various kinds of; yajñāḥ — sacrifices; vitatāḥ — are spread; brahmaṇaḥ — of the Vedas; mukhe — through the mouth; karma-jān — born of work; viddhi — you should know; tān — them; sarvān — all; evam — thus; jñātvā — knowing; vimokṣyase — you will be liberated.

Translation: 

All these different types of sacrifice are approved by the Vedas, and all of them are born of different types of work. Knowing them as such, you will become liberated.

Bg 4.33

श्रेयान्द्रव्यमयाद्यज्ञाज्ज्ञानयज्ञः परन्तप।

सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते॥४-३३॥

śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj

jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa

sarvaṁ karmākhilaṁ pārtha

jñāne parisamāpyate

오, 파란타파(아르주나)여! 지식의 희생 제의가 물질적인 희생 제의보다 낫다. 오, 파르타(아르주나)여! 모든 행위는 예외 없이 지식의 희생 제의 안에서 완성된다.



Word for word: 

śreyān — greater; dravya-mayāt — of material possessions; yajñāt — than the sacrifice; jñāna-yajñaḥ — sacrifice in knowledge; parantapa — O chastiser of the enemy; sarvam — all; karma — activities; akhilam — in totality; pārtha — O son of Pṛthā; jñāne — in knowledge; parisamāpyate — end.

Translation: 

O chastiser of the enemy, the sacrifice performed in knowledge is better than the mere sacrifice of material possessions. After all, O son of Pṛthā, all sacrifices of work culminate in transcendental knowledge.

Bg 4.34

तद्विद्धि प्रणिपातेन परिप्रश्नेन सेवया।

उपदेक्ष्यन्ति ते ज्ञानं ज्ञानिनस्तत्त्वदर्शिनः॥४-३४॥

tad viddhi praṇipātena

paripraśnena sevayā

upadekṣyanti te jñānaṁ

jñāninas tattva-darśinaḥ

오랫동안 엎드려 절하고, 질문하고, 섬김으로써 이 지식을 배워라. 진리를 직접 깨달은 지혜로운 이들이 그대에게 이 지식을 가르쳐 줄 것이다.



Word for word: 

tat — that knowledge of different sacrifices; viddhi — try to understand; praṇipātena — by approaching a spiritual master; paripraśnena — by submissive inquiries; sevayā — by the rendering of service; upadekṣyanti — they will initiate; te — you; jñānam — into knowledge; jñāninaḥ — the self-realized; tattva — of the truth; darśinaḥ — seers.

Translation: 

Just try to learn the truth by approaching a spiritual master. Inquire from him submissively and render service unto him. The self-realized soul can impart knowledge unto you because he has seen the truth.

Bg 4.35

यज्ज्ञात्वा न पुनर्मोहमेवं यास्यसि पाण्डव।

येन भूतान्यशेषेण द्रक्ष्यस्यात्मन्यथो मयि॥४-३५॥

yaj jñātvā na punar moham

evaṁ yāsyasi pāṇḍava

yena bhūtāny aśeṣāṇi

drakṣyasy ātmany atho mayi

오, 판다바(아르주나)여! 이것을 그대가 알면 다시는 미혹에 떨어지지 않을 것이다. 이 지식을 통해 그대는 만물을 그대의 참나 안에서 그러니까 내 안에서 보게 될 것이다.



Word for word: 

yat — which; jñātvā — knowing; na — never; punaḥ — again; moham — to illusion; evam — like this; yāsyasi — you shall go; pāṇḍava — O son of Pāṇḍu; yena — by which; bhūtāni — living entities; aśeṣāṇi — all; drakṣyasi — you will see; ātmani — in the Supreme Soul; atha u — or in other words; mayi — in Me.

Translation: 

Having obtained real knowledge from a self-realized soul, you will never fall again into such illusion, for by this knowledge you will see that all living beings are but part of the Supreme, or, in other words, that they are Mine.

Bg 4.36

अपि चेदसि पापेभ्यः सर्वेभ्यः पापकृत्तमः।

सर्वं ज्ञानप्लवेनैव वृजिनं सन्तरिष्यसि॥४-३६॥

api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ

sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛt-tamaḥ

sarvaṁ jñāna-plavenaiva

vṛjinaṁ santariṣyasi

그대가 비록 모든 죄인들 가운데 가장 큰 죄인이라 할지라도, 진실로 이 지식의 배로 죄의 바다를 건널 수 있다.



Word for word: 

api — even; cet — if; asi — you are; pāpebhyaḥ — of sinners; sarvebhyaḥ — of all; pāpa-kṛt-tamaḥ — the greatest sinner; sarvam — all such sinful reactions; jñāna-plavena — by the boat of transcendental knowledge; eva — certainly; vṛjinam — the ocean of miseries; santariṣyasi — you will cross completely.

Translation: 

Even if you are considered to be the most sinful of all sinners, when you are situated in the boat of transcendental knowledge you will be able to cross over the ocean of miseries.

Bg 4.37

यथैधांसि समिद्धोऽग्निर्भस्मसात्कुरुतेऽर्जुन।

ज्ञानाग्निः सर्वकर्माणि भस्मसात्कुरुते तथा॥४-३७॥

yathaidhāṁsi samiddho 'gnir

bhasma-sāt kurute 'rjuna

jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi

bhasma-sāt kurute tathā

오, 아르주나여! 타오르는 불길이 장작을 재로 만들듯이, 지식의 불길은 모든 카르마들을 재로 만든다.



Word for word: 

yathā — just as; edhāṁsi — firewood; samiddhaḥ — blazing; agniḥ — fire; bhasma-sāt — ashes; kurute — turns; arjuna — O Arjuna; jñāna-agniḥ — the fire of knowledge; sarva-karmāṇi — all reactions to material activities; bhasma-sāt — to ashes; kurute — it turns; tathā — similarly.

Translation: 

As a blazing fire turns firewood to ashes, O Arjuna, so does the fire of knowledge burn to ashes all reactions to material activities.

Bg 4.38

न हि ज्ञानेन सदृशं पवित्रमिह विद्यते।

तत्स्वयं योगसंसिद्धः कालेनात्मनि विन्दति॥४-३८॥

na hi jñānena sadṛśaṁ

pavitram iha vidyate

tat svayaṁ yoga-saṁsiddhaḥ

kālenātmani vindati

이 세상에서 지식보다 사람을 순결케 하는 것은 없다. 요가로써 완전해진 사람은 때가 되면 자신의 가슴 안에서 그것을 발견하게 될 것이다.



Word for word: 

na — nothing; hi — certainly; jñānena — with knowledge; sadṛśam — in comparison; pavitram — sanctified; iha — in this world; vidyate — exists; tat — that; svayam — himself; yoga — in devotion; saṁsiddhaḥ — he who is mature; kālena — in course of time; ātmani — in himself; vindati — enjoys.

Translation: 

In this world, there is nothing so sublime and pure as transcendental knowledge. Such knowledge is the mature fruit of all mysticism. And one who has become accomplished in the practice of devotional service enjoys this knowledge within himself in due course of time.

Bg 4.39

श्रद्धावाँल्लभते ज्ञानं तत्परः संयतेन्द्रियः।

ज्ञानं लब्ध्वा परां शान्तिमचिरेणाधिगच्छति॥४-३९॥

śraddhāvāl labhate jñānaṁ

tat-paraḥ saṁyatendriyaḥ

jñānaṁ labdhvā parāṁ śāntim

acireṇādhigacchati

믿음이 있고, 헌신적이고, 마음과 감각들을 완전히 다스리는 사람들은 이 지식을 얻는다. 지식을 얻으면 그는 곧 지고의 평화에 이른다.



Word for word: 

śraddhā-vān — a faithful man; labhate — achieves; jñānam — knowledge; tat-paraḥ — very much attached to it; saṁyata — controlled; indriyaḥ — senses; jñānam — knowledge; labdhvā — having achieved; parām — transcendental; śāntim — peace; acireṇa — very soon; adhigacchati — attains.

Translation: 

A faithful man who is dedicated to transcendental knowledge and who subdues his senses is eligible to achieve such knowledge, and having achieved it he quickly attains the supreme spiritual peace.

Bg 4.40

अज्ञश्चाश्रद्दधानश्च संशयात्मा विनश्यति।

नायं लोकोऽस्ति न परो न सुखं संशयात्मनः॥४-४०॥

ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca

saṁśayātmā vinaśyati

nāyaṁ loko 'sti na paro

na sukhaṁ saṁśayātmanaḥ

의심하고 믿음이 없는 무지한 사람들은 타락으로 가는 사람들이다. 의심하는 사람에게는 이 세상도 없고, 저 세상도 없으며 행복도 없다.



Word for word: 

ajñaḥ — a fool who has no knowledge in standard scriptures; ca — and; aśraddadhānaḥ — without faith in revealed scriptures; ca — also; saṁśaya — of doubts; ātmā — a person; vinaśyati — falls back; na — never; ayam — in this; lokaḥ — world; asti — there is; na — nor; paraḥ — in the next life; na — not; sukham — happiness; saṁśaya — doubtful; ātmanaḥ — of the person.

Translation: 

But ignorant and faithless persons who doubt the revealed scriptures do not attain God consciousness; they fall down. For the doubting soul there is happiness neither in this world nor in the next.

Bg 4.41

योगसंन्यस्तकर्माणं ज्ञानसंछिन्नसंशयम्।

आत्मवन्तं न कर्माणि निबध्नन्ति धनंजय॥४-४१॥

yoga-sannyasta-karmāṇaṁ

jñāna-sañchinna-saṁśayam

ātmavantaṁ na karmāṇi

nibadhnanti dhanañjaya

지고의 존재에 대한 지식으로 모든 행위를 버린 사람, 지식으로 의심이 산산이 부서진 사람, 늘 참나 안에 자리 잡고 있는 사람들은 어떤 행위를 하더라도 행위에 묶이지 않는다. 오, 다난자(아르주나)여!



Word for word: 

yoga — by devotional service in karma—yoga; sannyasta — one who has renounced; karmāṇam — the fruits of actions; jñāna — by knowledge; sañchinna — cut; saṁśayam — doubts; ātma-vantam — situated in the self; na — never; karmāṇi — works; nibadhnanti — do bind; dhanañjaya — O conqueror of riches.

Translation: 

One who acts in devotional service, renouncing the fruits of his actions, and whose doubts have been destroyed by transcendental knowledge, is situated factually in the self. Thus he is not bound by the reactions of work, O conqueror of riches.

Bg 4.42

तस्मादज्ञानसम्भूतं हृत्स्थं ज्ञानासिनात्मनः।

छित्त्वैनं संशयं योगमातिष्ठोत्तिष्ठ भारत॥४-४२॥

tasmād ajñāna-sambhūtaṁ

hṛt-sthaṁ jñānāsinātmanaḥ

chittvainaṁ saṁśayaṁ yogam

ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata

그러므로 무지로부터 생겨나 그대의 가슴 안에 머물고 있는 이 의심을 지식의 칼로 베어 버려라. 그리고 난 뒤 카르마 요가에 헌신하라. 오, 바라타여! 이제, 일어나 싸워라.



Word for word: 

tasmāt — therefore; ajñāna-sambhūtam — born of ignorance; hṛt-stham — situated in the heart; jñāna — of knowledge; asinā — by the weapon; ātmanaḥ — of the self; chittvā — cutting off; enam — this; saṁśayam — doubt; yogam — in yoga; ātiṣṭha — be situated; uttiṣṭha — stand up to fight; bhārata — O descendant of Bharata.

Translation: 

Therefore the doubts which have arisen in your heart out of ignorance should be slashed by the weapon of knowledge. Armed with yoga, O Bhārata, stand and fight.

한역참조:바가바드기타-알라디 마하데바샤스트리 영역/김병채 옮김